| Abstract | In past decade in particular Kien Giang Province of Vietnam in general (even worldwide) has called for communities and local government levels to live in ecological conservation areas need to use natural resources and environment in a sustainable manner. One of the biggest challenges is how to take care of the livelihood of communities living in and around the sanctuary. Especially at the local, where most people live is heavily dependent on natural resources and the environment in the area they live. Previously, the term "livelihood" did not mean anything other than "occupation" or "jobs", and also means that the way to make a living. Recently, the meaning of this term has been broadened to include social, economic, and other attributes, and simultaneously, a variety of factors affecting the strong points, tolerability, and risks to people's make a living are also mentioned. These factors can be direct, such as resources, work, cultural activities, history, local traditions, and help access (or access prevents people) resources, or indirectly as policies, institutional, and processes and procedures also affect livelihoods. People's livelihood is sustainable when they can maintain and improve resources can cope and overcome intrinsic shocks as well as from the outside, but do not hurt or wasting natural resources which humans depend. In this context, "sustainable development" is not a real equilibrium, which in a condition there is accept the risk and has resilience. The direction of this research relates to poverty and is interested in the fact that lives of many people in rural areas totally depend on natural resources and the environment. Based upon secondary data from literature review and self-assessment to relating documents and primary data from the site survey, this study tries to understand the status of livelihoods of people living in DLNES and propose solutions for improving livelihoods while sustain conservation program balancing between economic interests and social needs; community interests and national interests, conservation and sustainable development. |