| Author | Nguyen Thanh Tung |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.WM-01-15 |
| Subject(s) | Night soil--Vietnam--Hanoi--Management
|
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of
Engineering |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | Hanoi, the national capital of Vietnam and has an urban area covering about 82 square
kilometers with population of some 1.5 million people. In Hanoi, Hanoi Urban Environment
Company (URENCO) is a major company undertaking the collection and treatment
of nightsoil. It is estimated that UREN CO collects only about 30% of the daily generated
nightsoil.
An investigation of nightsoil characteristics of Hanoi, showed that the value of nightsoil
quality parameters such as BOD, COD, SS, VSS, TKN vary in a wide range. A reasonable
explanation of that is data of result given by a limited number of sampling sites, different
volume of septic tanks and variable cleaning cycles.
The data analysis showed that the values of BOD, COD, SS, VSS and TKN parameters are
lower compared to published results from USA, Germany and Thailand. Because the basic
data about volume of septic tank and cleaning cycles are not given. It is unfortunately impossible
to give a clear reason for the detected deviations. As a great variation of specific
volume of the tank from 0.03 to 1.15 m3
/ capita are found, the hydraulic design (HRT)
deems to be not suitable. Further to that a wide variation of cleaning cycles affect to the
performance of septic tanks, too. It has been analyzed that the degradation in the septic
tanks is minor degree.
Composting of nightsoil with solid waste has been tested by aerobic static pile method with
forced aeration. The variation of nightsoil portion in the waste piles changing from 18 to
33% revealed an improved temperature development above 67°C over 8 days. The degradation
of organic matter over weeks was reasonable. An adjusted variation of the forced
aeration flow rate might need an additional improvement.
In generally, the current situation of the nightsoil management in Hanoi City shows that
there is a need of a planned emptying program and an improvement of the septic tank performance
giving guidelines for a minimum volume per capita. It has to be considered how
to treat the nightsoil accordingly. Co-composting is an option however shows limitation of
amount to be treated. An alternative for nightsoil treatment like co-treatment of nightsoil
with wastewater in wastewater treatment plant is need for the future. |
| Year | 2002 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Engineering and Technology (SET) |
| Department | Department of Civil and Infrastucture Engineering (DCIE) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Water Engineering and Management (WM) |
| Chairperson(s) | Trankler, Josef |
| Examination Committee(s) | Gupta, A. D. ;Visvanathan, C. |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | DAAD |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2002 |